Only allow standard form numbers sas

Describes the arrangement of values in the input data record and assigns input values to the corresponding SAS variables.

The INPUT statement with no arguments is called a null INPUT statement . The null INPUT statement

• brings an input data record into the input buffer without creating any SAS variables
• releases an input data record that is held by a trailing @ or a double trailing @.

names a variable that is assigned input values.

specifies a list of variables that are assigned input values.

specifies to store the variable value as a character value rather than as a numeric value.

moves the input pointer to a specified line or column in the input buffer.

specifies the columns of the input record that contain the value to read.

allows modified list input or controls the amount of information that is reported in the SAS log when an error in an input value occurs.

specifies an informat to use to read the variable value.

specifies a list of informats to use to read the values for the preceding list of variables.

holds an input record for the execution of the next INPUT statement within the same iteration of the DATA step. This line-hold specifier is called trailing @ .

holds the input record for the execution of the next INPUT statement across iterations of the DATA step. This line-hold specifier is called double trailing @ .

moves the pointer to column n .

input @15 name $10.;

moves the pointer to the column given by the value of numeric-variable .

a=15; input @a name $10.;

moves the pointer to the column that is given by the value of expression .

b=5; input @(b*3) name $10.;

locates the specified series of characters in the input record and moves the pointer to the first column after character-string .

locates the series of characters in the input record that is given by the value of character-variable and moves the pointer to the first column after that series of characters.

input @1 day 1. @5 weekday $10. @1 @weekday sales 8.2;

locates the series of characters in the input record that is given by the value of character-expression and moves the pointer to the first column after the series.

moves the pointer n columns.

input @23 length 4. +5 width 4.;

moves the pointer the number of columns that is given by the value of numeric-variable .

moves the pointer the number of columns given by expression .

moves the pointer to record n .

input name $10. #2 id 3-4;

moves the pointer to the record that is given by the value of numeric-variable .

moves the pointer to the record that is given by the value of expression .

advances the pointer to column 1 of the next input record.

input name age / id 3-4;

suppresses printing the invalid data note when SAS encounters invalid data values.

suppresses printing the messages and the input lines when SAS encounters invalid data values. The automatic variable _ERROR_ is not set to 1 for the invalid observation.

Use the INPUT statement to read raw data from an external file or in-stream data. If your data are stored in an external file, you can specify the file in an INFILE statement. The INFILE statement must execute before the INPUT statement that reads the data records. If your data are in-stream, a DATALINES statement must precede the data lines in the job stream. If your data contain semicolons, use a DATALINES4 statement before the data lines. A DATA step that reads raw data can include multiple INPUT statements.

You can also use the INFILE statement to read in-stream data by specifying a filename of DATALINES in the INFILE statement before the INPUT statement. Using DATALINES in the INFILE statement allows you to use most of the options available in the INFILE statement with in-stream data.

To read data that are already stored in a SAS data set, use a SET statement. To read database or PC file-format data that are created by other software, use the SET statement after you access the data with the LIBNAME statement. See the SAS/ACCESS documentation for more information.

Operating Environment Information: LOG files that are generated under z/OS and captured with PROC PRINTTO contain an ASA control character in column 1. If you are using the INPUT statement to read a LOG file that was generated under z/OS, you must account for this character if you use column input or column pointer controls.

There are four ways to describe a record's values in the INPUT statement:

• column
• list (simple and modified)
• formatted
• named.

Each variable value is read by using one of these input styles. An INPUT statement can contain any or all of the available input styles, depending on the arrangement of data values in the input records. However, once named input is used in an INPUT statement, you cannot use another input style.

With column input , the column numbers follow the variable name in the INPUT statement. These numbers indicate where the variable values are found in the input data records:

input name $ 1-8 age 11-12;

This INPUT statement can read the following data records:

----+----1----+----2----+ Peterson 21 Morgan 17

Because NAME is a character variable, a $ appears between the variable name and column numbers. For more information, see INPUT Statement, Column.

With list input , the variable names are simply listed in the INPUT statement. A $ follows the name of each character variable:

input name $ age;

This INPUT statement can read data values that are separated by blanks or aligned in columns (with at least one blank between):

----+----1----+----2----+ Peterson 21 Morgan 17

With formatted input , an informat follows the variable name in the INPUT statement. The informat gives the data type and the field width of an input value. Informats also allow you to read data that are stored in nonstandard form, such as packed decimal, or numbers that contain special characters such as commas.

input name $char8. +2 income comma6.;

This INPUT statement reads these data records correctly:

----+----1----+----2----+ Peterson 21,000 Morgan 17,132

The pointer control of +2 moves the input pointer to the field that contains the value for the variable INCOME. For more information, see INPUT Statement, Formatted.

With named input , you specify the name of the variable followed by an equal sign. SAS looks for a variable name and an equal sign in the input record:

input name= $ age=;

This INPUT statement reads the following data records correctly:

----+----1----+----2----+ name=Peterson age=21 name=Morgan age=17

An INPUT statement can contain any or all of the different input styles:

input idno name $18. team $ 25-30 startwght endwght;

This INPUT statement reads the following data records correctly:

----+----1----+----2----+----3----+---- 023 David Shaw red 189 165 049 Amelia Serrano yellow 189 165

The value of IDNO, STARTWGHT, and ENDWGHT are read with list input, the value of NAME with formatted input, and the value of TEAM with column input.

Note: Once named input is used in an INPUT statement, you cannot change input styles.

As SAS reads values from the input data records into the input buffer, it keeps track of its position with a pointer. The INPUT statement provides three ways to control the movement of the pointer:

column pointer controls

reset the pointer's column position when the data values in the data records are read.

line pointer controls

reset the pointer's line position when the data values in the data records are read.

hold an input record in the input buffer so that another INPUT statement can process it. By default, the INPUT statement releases the previous record and reads another record.

With column and line pointer controls, you can specify an absolute line number or column number to move the pointer or you can specify a column or line location relative to the current pointer position. Pointer Controls Available in the INPUT Statement lists the pointer controls that are available with the INPUT statement.

Note: Always specify pointer controls before the variable to which they apply.

You can use the COLUMN= and LINE= options in the INFILE statement to determine the pointer's current column and line location.

Column pointer controls indicate the column in which an input value starts.

Use line pointer controls within the INPUT statement to move to the next input record or to define the number of input records per observation. Line pointer controls specify which input record to read. To read multiple data records into the input buffer, use the N= option in the INFILE statement to specify the number of records. If you omit N=, you need to take special precautions. For more information, see Reading More Than One Record per Observation.

Line-hold specifiers keep the pointer on the current input record when

• a data record is read by more than one INPUT statement (trailing @)
• one input line has values for more than one observation (double trailing @)
• a record needs to be reread on the next iteration of the DATA step (double trailing @).

Use a single trailing @ to allow the next INPUT statement to read from the same record. Use a double trailing @ to hold a record for the next INPUT statement across iterations of the DATA step.

Normally, each INPUT statement in a DATA step reads a new data record into the input buffer. When you use a trailing @, the following occurs:

• The pointer position does not change.
• No new record is read into the input buffer.
• The next INPUT statement for the same iteration of the DATA step continues to read the same record rather than a new one.

SAS releases a record held by a trailing @ when

a null INPUT statement executes:

input;

Normally, when you use a double trailing @ (@@), the INPUT statement for the next iteration of the DATA step continues to read the same record. SAS releases the record that is held by a double trailing @

• immediately if the pointer moves past the end of the input record
• immediately if a null INPUT statement executes:

input;

input @;

Understanding the location of the input pointer after a value is read is important, especially if you combine input styles in a single INPUT statement. With column and formatted input, the pointer reads the columns that are indicated in the INPUT statement and stops in the next column. With list input, however, the pointer scans data records to locate data values and reads a blank to indicate that a value has ended. After reading a value with list input, the pointer stops in the second column after the value.

For example, you can read these data records with list, column, and formatted input:

----+----1----+----2----+----3 REGION1 49670 REGION2 97540 REGION3 86342

This INPUT statement uses list input to read the data records:

input region $ jansales;

After reading a value for REGION, the pointer stops in column 9.

----+----1----+----2----+----3 REGION1 49670 ↑

These INPUT statements use column and formatted input to read the data records:

input region $ 1-7 jansales 12-16;

input region $7. +4 jansales 5.; input region $7. @12 jansales 5.;

To read a value for the variable REGION, the INPUT statements instruct the pointer to read seven columns and stop in column 8.

----+----1----+----2----+----3 REGION1 49670 ↑

The highest number that follows the # pointer control in the INPUT statement determines how many input data records are read into the input buffer. Use the N= option in the INFILE statement to change the number of records. For example, in this statement, the highest value after the # is 3:

input @31 age 3. #3 id 3-4 #2 @6 name $20.;

Unless you use N= in the associated INFILE statement, the INPUT statement reads three input records each time the DATA step executes.

When each observation has multiple input records but values from the last record are not read, you must use a # pointer control in the INPUT statement or N= in the INFILE statement to specify the last input record. For example, if there are four records per observation, but only values from the first two input records are read, use this INPUT statement:

input name $ 1-10 #2 age 13-14 #4;

When you have advanced to the next record with the / pointer control, use the # pointer control in the INPUT statement or the N= option in the INFILE statement to set the number of records that are read into the input buffer. To move the pointer back to an earlier record, use a # pointer control. For example, this statement requires the #2 pointer control, unless the INFILE statement uses the N= option, to read two records:

input a / b #1 @52 c #2;

The INPUT statement assigns A a value from the first record. The pointer advances to the next input record to assign B a value. Then the pointer returns from the second record to column 1 of the first record and moves to column 52 to assign C a value. The #2 pointer control identifies two input records for each observation so that the pointer can return to the first record for the value of C.

If the number of input records per observation varies, use the N= option in the INFILE statement to give the maximum number of records per observation. For more information, see the N= option.

When you use @ or + pointer controls with a value that moves the pointer to or past the end of the current record and the next value is to be read from the current column, SAS goes to column 1 of the next record to read it. It also writes this message to the SAS log:

NOTE: SAS went to a new line when INPUT statement reached past the end of a line.

You can alter the default behavior (the FLOWOVER option) in the INFILE statement.

Use the STOPOVER option in the INFILE statement to treat this condition as an error and to stop building the data set.

Use the MISSOVER option in the INFILE statement to set the remaining INPUT statement variables to missing values if the pointer reaches the end of a record.

Use the TRUNCOVER option in the INFILE statement to read column input or formatted input when the last variable that is read by the INPUT statement contains varying-length data.

When a column pointer control tries to move the pointer to a position before the beginning of the record, the pointer is positioned in column 1. For example, this INPUT statement specifies that the pointer is located in column -2 after the first value is read:

data test; input a @(a-3) b; datalines; 2 ;

Therefore, SAS moves the pointer to column 1 after the value of A is read. Both variables A and B contain the same value.

When SAS encounters an invalid character in an input value for the variable indicated, it

• sets the value of the variable that is being read to missing or the value that is specified with the INVALIDDATA= system option. For more information see INVALIDDATA= System Option.
• prints an invalid data note in the SAS log.
• prints the input line and column number that contains the invalid value in the SAS log. Unprintable characters appear in hexadecimal. To help determine column numbers, SAS prints a rule line above the input line.
• sets the automatic variable _ERROR_ to 1 for the current observation.

The format modifiers for error reporting control the amount of information that is printed in the SAS log. Both the ? and ?? modifier suppress the invalid data message. However, the ?? modifier also resets the automatic variable _ERROR_ to 0. For example, these two sets of statements are equivalent:

input x ?? 10-12;

input x ? 10-12; _error_=0;

In either case, SAS sets invalid values of X to missing values. For information about the causes of invalid data, see SAS Language Reference: Concepts .

End-of-file occurs when an INPUT statement reaches the end of the data. If a DATA step tries to read another record after it reaches an end-of-file then execution stops. If you want the DATA step to continue to execute, use the END= or EOF= option in the INFILE statement. Then you can write SAS program statements to detect the end-of-file, and to stop the execution of the INPUT statement but continue with the DATA step. For more information, see INFILE Statement.

The INPUT statement can use array references to read input data values. You can use an array reference in a pointer control if it is enclosed in parentheses. See Positioning the Pointer with a Character Variable.

Use the array subscript asterisk (*) to input all elements of a previously defined explicit array. SAS allows single or multidimensional arrays. Enclose the subscript in braces, brackets, or parentheses. The form of this statement is

INPUT array-name;

You can use arrays with list, column, or formatted input. However, you cannot input values to an array that is defined with _TEMPORARY_ and that uses the asterisk subscript. For example, these statements create variables X1 through X100 and assign data values to the variables using the 2. informat:

array x; input x 2.;

• The INPUT statement reads raw data in external files or data lines that are entered in-stream (following the DATALINES statement) that need to be described to SAS. The SET statement reads a SAS data set, which already contains descriptive information about the data values.
• The INPUT statement reads data while the PUT statement writes data values, text strings, or both to the SAS log or to an external file.
• The INPUT statement can read data from external files; the INFILE statement points to that file and has options that control how that file is read.

This example uses several input styles in a single INPUT statement:

data club1; input Idno Name $18. Team $ 25-30 Startwght Endwght; datalines; 023 David Shaw red 189 165 049 Amelia Serrano yellow 189 165 . more data lines . ;

This example uses an INPUT statement with no arguments. The DATA step copies records from the input file to the output file without creating any SAS variables:

data _null_; infile file-specification-1; file file-specification-2; input; put _infile_; run;

This example reads a file that contains two types of input data records and creates a SAS data set from these records. One type of data record contains information about a particular college course. The second type of record contains information about the students enrolled in the course. You need two INPUT statements to read the two records and to assign the values to different variables that use different formats. Records that contain class information have a C in column 1; records that contain student information have an S in column 1, as shown here:

----+----1----+----2----+ C HIST101 Watson S Williams 0459 S Flores 5423 C MATH202 Sen S Lee 7085

To know which INPUT statement to use, check each record as it is read. Use an INPUT statement that reads only the variable that tells whether the record contains class or student.

data schedule(drop=type); infile file-specification; retain Course Professor; input type $1. @; if type='C' then input course $ professor $; else if type='S' then do; input Name $10. Id; output schedule; end; run;

proc print; run;

The first INPUT statement reads the TYPE value from column 1 of every line. Because this INPUT statement ends with a trailing @, the next INPUT statement in the DATA step reads the same line. The IF-THEN statements that follow check whether the record is a class or student line before another INPUT statement reads the rest of the line. The INPUT statements without a trailing @ release the held line. The RETAIN statement saves the values about the particular college course. The DATA step writes an observation to the SCHEDULE data set after a student record is read.

The following output that PROC PRINT generates shows the resulting data set SCHEDULE.

The SAS System 1 OBS Course Professor Name Id 1 HIST101 Watson Williams 459 2 HIST101 Watson Flores 5423 3 MATH202 Sen Lee 7085

This example shows how to create multiple observations for each input data record. Each record contains several NAME and AGE values. The DATA step reads a NAME value and an AGE value, outputs an observation, and then reads another set of NAME and AGE values to output, and so on, until all the input values in the record are processed.

data test; input name $ age @@; datalines; John 13 Monica 12 Sue 15 Stephen 10 Marc 22 Lily 17 ;

The INPUT statement uses the double trailing @ to control the input pointer across iterations of the DATA step. The SAS data set contains six observations.

This example uses a numeric variable to position the pointer. A raw data file contains records with the employment figures for several offices of a multinational company. The input data records are

----+----1----+----2----+----3----+ 8 New York 1 USA 14 5 Cary 1 USA 2274 3 Chicago 1 USA 37 22 Tokyo 5 ASIA 80 5 Vancouver 2 CANADA 6 9 Milano 4 EUROPE 123

The first column has the column position for the office location. The next numeric column is the region category. The geographic region occurs before the number of employees in that office.

You determine the office location by combining the @ numeric-variable pointer control with a trailing @. To read the records, use two INPUT statements. The first INPUT statement obtains the value for the @ numeric-variable pointer control. The second INPUT statement uses this value to determine the column that the pointer moves to.

data office (drop=x); infile file-specification; input x @; if 1
The DATA step writes only five observations to the OFFICE data set. The fourth input data record is invalid because the value of X is greater than 10. Therefore, the second INPUT statement does not execute. Instead, the PUT statement writes a message to the SAS log and the DELETE statement stops processing the observation.
This example uses character variables to position the pointer. The OFFICE data set, created in Positioning the Pointer with a Numeric Variable, contains a character variable CITY whose values are the office locations. Suppose you discover that you need to read additional values from the raw data file. By using another DATA step, you can combine the @ character-variable pointer control with a trailing @ and the @ character-expression pointer control to locate the values.
If the observations in OFFICE are still in the order of the original input data records, you can use this DATA step:
data office2; set office; infile file-specification; array region $ _temporary_ ('USA' 'CANADA' 'SA' 'EUROPE' 'ASIA'); input @city Location : 2. @; input @(trim(region)) Population : 4.; run;
The ARRAY statement assigns initial values to the temporary array elements. These elements correspond to the geographic regions of the office locations. The first INPUT statement uses an @ character-variable pointer control. Each record is scanned for the series of characters in the value of CITY for that observation. Then the value of LOCATION is read from the next non-blank column. LOCATION is a numeric category for the geographic region of an office. The second INPUT statement uses an array reference in the @ character-expression pointer control to determine the location POPULATION in the input records. The expression also uses the TRIM function to trim trailing blanks from the character value. This way an exact match is found between the character string in the input data and the value of the array element.
The following output that PROC PRINT generates shows the resulting data set OFFICE2.
The SAS System 1 OBS City Location Population 1 New York 1 14 2 Cary 1 2274 3 Chicago 1 37 4 Vancouver 2 6 5 Milano 4 123
This example shows several ways to move the pointer backward.

   This INPUT statement uses the @ pointer control to read a value for BOOK starting at column 26. Then the pointer moves back to column 1 on the same line to read a value for COMPANY:

input @26 book $ @1 company;
m=-1; input x 1-10 +m y 2.;
input x 1-10 +(-1) y 2.;